Open Adoption vs Closed Adoption: Which Option Is Right for You?

Thirty years ago, most adoptions in the United States were closed. Today, the picture has flipped, open and semi-open adoptions make up the majority of domestic infant placements. Here's a clear guide to each option and how to decide what's right for your situation.

The Three Types in One Sentence Each

• ●Open adoption: ongoing direct contact between birth family and adoptive family (letters, photos, calls, visits).
• ●Semi-open adoption: mediated contact through the agency, letters and photos with no direct contact.
• ●Closed adoption: no contact after placement; sealed records.

Open Adoption

In an open adoption, the birth family and adoptive family know each other's first names and some contact information. They exchange photos, letters, calls, and sometimes in-person visits over time. The agreement is shaped at placement and can evolve.

Why families choose open

• ●Children grow up knowing their full story
• ●Birth mothers often report greater peace of mind
• ●Adoptive families have access to medical and family history
• ●Relationships can be honored and celebrated, not hidden

Closed Adoption

In a closed adoption, no contact occurs after placement. Some birth mothers choose this because it gives them clear boundaries at a hard time. Some adoptive families choose it because of concerns about boundary-setting. Closed adoptions are less common today, but remain an option.

Semi-Open: The Middle Path

For families who want some ongoing connection but prefer not to exchange direct contact information, semi-open is the popular middle path. The agency mediates communication, typically through letters and photos.

Can We Change the Type Later?

Yes. Post-adoption contact agreements are legally enforceable in Utah and a growing number of states. Some families start semi-open and open later; some start open and step back over time. Our counselors help mediate these changes.

How to Decide

1. Think about your comfort with ongoing contact
2. Consider what feels healthy for the child growing up
3. Talk openly with your counselor about preferences
4. Remember: most families settle into a semi-open middle ground